154 / 540
153
ENDNOTES
1
José Gabriel García, “Juan Bautista Cambiaso,” in
Rasgos bi-
ográficos de dominicanos célebres
, ed.Vetilio Alfau Durán. (Santo
Domingo: Academia Dominicana de la Historia, Vol. XXIX, Edi-
tora del Caribe, C. por A.), 1971.
2
Juan Bautista Maggiolo was another Italian citizen, also an
experienced sailor, who settled in the Dominican Republic dur-
ing the transition to independence. He joined the nationalists
and together with Cambiaso was in command of the Dominican
naval fleet that faced the invading enemy. According to García,
Maggiolo was “a Dominican at heart who put not only himself
at the service of the Republic, but also a schooner he owned, the
María Luisa.” When the fourth campaign of the Dominican-Hai-
tian War began, 1855-1856, Maggiolo no longer lived in Santo
Domingo and had settled in Genoa. See, García
, Op. cit
.
3
Diccionario biográfico-histórico dominicano (1821-1930)
, Publi-
caciones de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Vol.
CLII, Colección Historia y Sociedad no. 5 (Santo Domingo:
Editora de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, S.D.,
D.R.), 1971. A second edition was published in 1997 by Editora
de Colores, S.A.
4
In the
Enciclopedia Dominicana
, vol. 2, there is no indication
of Juan Bautista Cambiaso’s date of birth; this information, how-
ever, was made public knowledge in 1958. See fourth expanded,
revised and updated edition, under the direction of the historian
Franklin Franco, Santo Domingo, D.R., 1997.
5
Cf. “Duarte y Mazzini,” in
En torno a Duarte
, Academica Do-
minicana de la Historia, vol. 42, Centenario de la muerte de Juan
Pablo Duarte (Santo Domingo: Editora Taller, 1976), 183-84.
The Dominican Ambassador to the Holy See, Víctor Grimaldi,
in an article entitled “Duarte y José Mazzini: Italia y la República
Dominicana” [“Duarte and José Mazzini: Italy and the Domin-
ican Republic”], which is reproduced in this work, has referred
to the positive impact of Mazzini’s political ideas on the Duar-
tian thought. It is evident that Duarte had knowledge of Mazz-
ini’s political project and those of other Italian revolutionaries.
It should also be noted that theatrical works were presented by
the Trinitarians, through
La Dramática
and
La Filantrópica
, which
were used to raise awareness among their compatriots; one of
the most acclaimed was “Roma libre,” by Vittorio Alfieri. See Pe-
dro Troncoso Sánchez, “El teatro de los trinitarios,” in
Vida de
Juan Pablo Duarte
, Instituto Duartiano, vol. 11 (Santo Domingo:
Imp. Amigo del Hogar, 1975).
6
The historian Emilio Rodríguez Demorizi was able to obtain
a copy of the birth record in Genoa, in 1951. Cf. “Artículos y
apuntes diversos,” in
La Marina de Guerra Dominicana, 1844-1861,
Academia Militar Batalla de Las Carreras, Aviación Militar Do-
minicana, vol. 3 (Ciudad Trujillo: Editora Montalvo, 1958).
7
Carlos Larrazábal Blanco,
Familias dominicanas
, vol. 2 (Santo
Domingo: Academia Dominicana de la Historia, vol. 26, Editora
del Caribe, C. por A., 1969), 53-54.
8
Rodolfo Cambiaso Sosa (1852-1916), son of Juan Bautista, was
a prominent journalist and historian. He was educated in Italy.
He published several works, such as
Pequeño diccionario de pal-
abras indoantillanas
, and
Quisqueyanismos
y
Elucubraciones sobre
el lenguaje indoantillano
. He died in Santo Domingo in 1916. Cf.
Enciclopedia dominicana
, vol. 2, 62.
9
José Gabriel García,
Guerra de la Separación Dominicana
, 63.
Publicaciones del Sesquicentenario de la Independencia Nacion-
al, Secretaría de Estado de Educación, Bellas Artes y Cultos, San-
to Domingo, D.R., 1994.
10
César A. De Windt Lavandier, Víctor Francisco García Ale-
cont, and Albérico Ventura Domínguez,
La Marina en la Guerra de
Independencia Dominicana
(Santo Domingo: Colección Histórica
CENAPEC).
11
There is a military report describing the naval battle in the
port of Tortuguero, signed by Juan Bautista Cambiaso himself, in
which he provides details of that event on April 15 and 16, 1844.
He signed the report as follows: “I, the undersigned, Juan Bautis-
ta Cambiaso, Colonel of the Navy, Commander of the ingenious
forces of the Dominican Republic.” See Emilio Rodríguez Demo-
rizi,
Op. cit
., 34-35.
12
Cambiaso’s resignation was accepted, as indicated in the De-
cree issued by President Manuel de Regla Mota, on August 25,
1856.
13
Reproduced in Emilio Rodríguez Demorizi,
La marina de guer-
ra dominicana
, 183-4. (Ciudad Trujillo: Academia Militar Batalla
de las Carreras,, 1958).
14
José Gabriel García,
Op. cit
., p. 317.
Unveiling of the
painting of Admiral
Juan Bautista
Cambiaso during
National Day on June
2, 2019. In the photo
from left: Monsignor
Jesus Castro Marte
(Auxiliary Bishop of
Santo Domingo), the
Honorable Milton Ray
Guevara (Chief Justice
of the Constitutional
Court), Ghaleb Bader
(Apostolic Nuncio),
and Rear Admiral
Hector Martinez
Roman (Sub-
Commander General
of the Dominican
Navy) shaking hands
with Andrea Canepari
(Ambassador of
Italy) and Miguel
Vargas (Chancellor).
The painting was
donated to Italy
by the Dominican
Navy as a symbol
of the friendship
established after the
joint celebrations
to commemorate
the death of the
First Admiral of the
Dominican Republic in
the National Pantheon.
© Courtesy of Listín Diario
JUAN BAUTISTA CAMBIASO (1820-1886)